Teluk Guantanamo (bahasa Inggris: Guantanamo Bay) terletak di Provinsi Guantanamo, Kuba, pada 19°54′ LU 75°9′ BB dan merupakan tempat di mana sebuah Pangkalan Angkatan Laut AS berada.
Pangkalan laut tersebut, yang dihuni sekitar 9.500 tentara, menjadi terkenal karena digunakan sebagai tempat pengasingan bagi tahanan yang dicurigai terlibat dengan jaringan teroris al-Qaeda oleh pihak militer Amerika Serikat.
Kuba dan Teluk Guantanamo
Hubungan Kuba dengan Amerika Serikat memang agak aneh. Kuba boleh saja dikenal sebagai pemimpin negara anti-AS di kawasan Amerika Latin, bahkan menganut sistem politik komunis. Namun di daratan negara tersebut, tepatnya di Teluk Guantanamo, bercokollah salah satu Pangkalan Angkatan Laut AS yang dikenal dengan penjaranya yang punya pengamanan ekstra ketat. Guantanamo dan Kuba, mungkin cuma sebuah nama. Di sebelah selatan Florida, negara bagian Amerika Serikat, di antara Samudera Atlantik, Teluk Meksiko, dan Laut Karibia, terdapat gugusan pulau-pulau Karibia. Pada gugusan pulau itu terdapat sejumlah negara. Satu pulau kira-kira sebesar Pulau Jawa, dikenal dengan nama Kuba dengan ibu kota La Habana/Havana.
Di sebelah selatan pulau Kuba terdapat gugusan pulau kecil, Kepulauan Cayman yang dikenal sebagai pusat perbankan internasional. Ke tenggara, Jamaika. Terus ke timur, negara pulau Haiti, Puerto Riko, dan gugusan pulau-pulau kecil yang kini terkenal, Kepulauan Virgin. Terus ke tenggara/selatannya, terdapat negara-negara pulau kecil, Grenada, Trinidad dan Tobago.
Salah satu provinsi yang juga merupakan nama teluk dan kota di tenggara pulau Kuba bernama Guantanamo. Untuk sampai ke kota atau teluk Guantanamo dari ibu kota Havana, harus melintasi daerah dan kota besar Santa Clara, Camagiie, Heguin, Bayamo, dan Santiego de Cuba.
Teluk Guantanamo dijadikan pangkalan Angkatan Laut AS, dan di situ ditempatkan sekitar 9.500 orang marinir. AS resminya menyewa Pangkalan AL Guantanamo ini dari pemerintah Kuba sebelum Castro. Castro tidak mengakui perjanjian itu, namun dia tidak berdaya mengusir para serdadu AS tersebut karena AS berdalih bahwa perjanjian sewa-menyewa itu resmi dan dilindungi hukum internasional.
Lalu, sejak awal tahun 2002, Guantanamo dijadikan penjara hidup paling kejam di dunia.[rujukan?] Di tempat tersebut disembunyikan sekitar 500 tahanan yang dituduh AS sebagai teroris dan pengikut Al-Qaeda.
Sebagai pangkalan angkatan laut AS, kapal perang AS kerap berlabuh di sana. Pangkalan tersebut memiliki fasilitas lengkap termasuk lapangan udara. Pangkalan tersebut terpisah dari Kota Guantanamo, ibukota provinsi Guantanamo, Kuba. Kota itu terletak sekitar 34 kilometer utara teluk Guantanamo. Sampai tahun 1843, kota yang didirikan sekitar 1819 ini dinamakan Santa Catalina del Saltadero del Guaso.
Provinsi Guantanamo dikenal sebagai penghasil tebu/gula, kopi, dan coklat. Jalan raya menghubungkan Santiago de Cuba dengan kota pelabuhan Cair manera di Teluk Guantanamo. Teluk ini dikelilingi perbukitan ini berukuran lebar 9 km dan panjang 18 km, dan disebut one of largest and best sheltered bays in the world. Gadis-gadis Guantanamo diabadikan dalam sebuah lagu populer, Guantanamera. (sumber: Harian Jurnal Nasional).
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Thursday, January 11, 2007
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